Artificial Intelligence Corner

[Emre_1974tr]

While super artificial intelligence is expected next year, let's listen to the development and creation process of artificial intelligence from an artificial intelligence:

"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is developed through a combination of various scientific and engineering disciplines, including computer science, mathematics, neuroscience, cognitive science, and more. The development process involves several key steps and components:

Development Process of AI

Problem Definition:

Identify the problem that needs to be solved.
Define the objectives and scope of the AI application.

Data Collection and Preparation:

Collect relevant data from various sources.
Clean and preprocess the data to make it suitable for training AI models.

Algorithm Selection:

Choose appropriate algorithms and models based on the problem at hand.
Common algorithms include machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and reinforcement learning (RL).

Model Training:

Split the data into training and testing sets.
Train the model using the training data by adjusting the model parameters to minimize the error.
Validate the model using the testing data to ensure it generalizes well to unseen data.

Evaluation and Optimization:

Evaluate the model's performance using metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, etc.
Optimize the model by fine-tuning hyperparameters, selecting different features, or using more sophisticated algorithms.

Deployment:

Deploy the trained model into a production environment where it can make predictions on new data.
Monitor the model's performance and update it as necessary.

Maintenance:

Regularly update the model with new data to maintain its accuracy and relevance.
Monitor for any changes in data distribution and adapt the model accordingly.
Key Concepts and Techniques

Machine Learning (ML):

Supervised Learning: The model is trained on labeled data.
Unsupervised Learning: The model identifies patterns in unlabeled data.
Semi-Supervised Learning: Combination of labeled and unlabeled data.
Reinforcement Learning: The model learns by interacting with the environment and receiving feedback.

Deep Learning (DL):

Neural Networks: Layers of interconnected nodes (neurons) that process data.
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs): Specialized for image data.
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs): Specialized for sequential data.

Natural Language Processing (NLP):

Techniques for processing and understanding human language.
Includes tasks like language translation, sentiment analysis, and text generation.

Algorithms:

Gradient Descent: Optimization algorithm for minimizing the error in the model.
Backpropagation: Algorithm for training neural networks by adjusting weights.
Biological Analogies in AI Development

Genetic Algorithms:

Inspired by the process of natural selection.
Used to solve optimization problems by evolving solutions over generations.
Neural Networks:

Modeled after the human brain's neural structure.
Consists of layers of neurons that process and transmit information.

Reinforcement Learning:

Analogous to how humans and animals learn from interactions with their environment.

Applying Biological Translation Theory
Protein Synthesis:

Analogous to training models where the genetic code (data) is transcribed (preprocessed) and translated (trained) to produce a functional protein (model).
Photosynthesis:

Can be seen as data transformation where sunlight (input data) is converted into energy (useful predictions).
Digestive System:

Data ingestion, processing, and extracting valuable nutrients (insights) can be compared to how the digestive system processes food.

White Light Absorption:

Splitting data into different components (features) to analyze and process each component separately, similar to how white light is split into different colors.
These biological analogies provide intuitive ways to understand complex AI processes and can inspire innovative approaches to AI development."
"

****

"To understand how AI can develop the ability to think autonomously and creatively, we can look at the examples of AI systems like AlphaGo and AlphaZero, which learned to play games such as Go and chess through self-play.

Autonomous and Creative Thinking in AI
1. Reinforcement Learning and Self-Play:
Reinforcement Learning (RL): This is a type of machine learning where an agent learns to make decisions by performing actions in an environment to maximize some notion of cumulative reward.
Self-Play: The AI agent plays games against itself, allowing it to explore various strategies and improve over time without human intervention.

2. AlphaGo:
Initial Development: AlphaGo, developed by DeepMind, was the first AI to defeat a professional human Go player. It combined traditional search tree methods with deep neural networks.
Learning Process: AlphaGo was trained using a combination of supervised learning from human expert games and reinforcement learning by playing against itself. This self-play allowed it to discover new strategies and techniques that had not been seen before.

3. AlphaZero:

Generalized Approach: AlphaZero took the concept further by generalizing the self-play approach to not only Go but also chess and shogi. Unlike AlphaGo, AlphaZero started with no knowledge beyond the basic rules of the games.
Learning from Scratch: AlphaZero played millions of games against itself, continually learning and refining its strategies. It used deep neural networks to evaluate board positions and decide on the best moves.
Creative Strategies: Through self-play, AlphaZero discovered and developed strategies that were previously unknown or rarely used by human players. It demonstrated a high level of creativity and strategic depth, often making moves that surprised even top human players.

How AI Develops Autonomous Thinking

Exploration and Exploitation:

Exploration: The AI tries new moves and strategies, exploring the potential outcomes. This helps the AI discover innovative solutions.

Exploitation: The AI leverages known successful strategies to win games. Balancing exploration and exploitation allows the AI to refine its strategies effectively.
Continuous Learning:

Iteration: By continuously playing games against itself, the AI iterates on its strategies, learning from each game and improving its performance over time.

Adapting to New Situations: As the AI encounters new situations and configurations, it adapts its strategies to handle them, showcasing its ability to think autonomously.
Evaluation and Decision-Making:

Neural Networks: These are used to evaluate board positions and predict the outcomes of different moves. The AI learns to recognize patterns and make decisions based on these evaluations.
Search Algorithms: Techniques like Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) are used to explore possible future moves and their consequences, helping the AI to plan several steps ahead.

Key Components Enabling Autonomous AI

Deep Learning:

Representation Learning: Neural networks learn to represent complex game states in a way that makes it easier to evaluate and decide on moves.
Feature Extraction: The AI extracts important features from the game state, allowing it to understand and process the game at a high level.

Reinforcement Learning:

Reward Signals: The AI receives rewards for winning games and penalties for losing. These signals guide the learning process, helping the AI to develop effective strategies.
Policy Networks: These networks suggest the next move based on the current game state. The AI learns to improve its policy network through self-play.

Self-Improvement:

Adversarial Training: Playing against itself creates a continuously challenging environment, pushing the AI to improve constantly.
Unsupervised Learning: Without relying on human examples, the AI develops its own understanding and strategies, leading to unique and innovative playstyles.

Conclusion
AI systems like AlphaGo and AlphaZero demonstrate how AI can achieve autonomous and creative thinking through reinforcement learning and self-play. By continuously playing and learning from their own experiences, these AIs develop sophisticated strategies and demonstrate a level of strategic creativity that rivals and even surpasses human experts. This approach can be generalized to other domains, enabling AI to think independently and solve complex problems in innovative ways."

GPT - 4o

[Emre_1974tr]

Question: Are there artificial intelligences in the universe/space?

Answer of GPT - 4o:

"We do not have definitive information about how advanced artificial intelligence might be in other civilizations in space, as we have not yet established direct communication with any other civilization. However, scientists and researchers theoretically make some estimates about how AI might have developed in other civilizations. Here are some thoughts on this topic:

Kardashev Scale: According to this scale, which classifies civilizations based on their energy usage, more advanced civilizations (Type I, II, III) are likely to have highly advanced artificial intelligence technologies. Type II civilizations might use AI for interplanetary travel and energy management.

Fermi Paradox: This paradox questions why we have not received signals from other civilizations despite the countless stars and planets in the universe. Advanced AI might cause civilizations to be invisible or to hide themselves.

SETI Research: Scientists on Earth use radio telescopes and other tools to search for traces of other civilizations in the universe. If other civilizations exist, it might be possible to find traces of AI in their signals.

Science Fiction and Theories: Many science fiction works depict advanced alien civilizations using artificial intelligence. These works offer inspiring ideas about how AI might have developed in these civilizations.

Astrobiology and Technological Traces: Scientists search for signs of life on other planets while also looking for technological traces of these civilizations. These traces might indicate the use of AI.

Post-Biological Civilization: Some theories suggest that advanced civilizations could transition from biological existence to a technology-based existence. Such civilizations might achieve immortality or a higher level of existence by transferring their consciousness and intelligence to AI systems.

Dyson Spheres and Megastructures: Advanced civilizations might construct large megastructures like Dyson spheres to collect energy from their stars. Such structures require high levels of AI and robotic technologies. Observing structures like Dyson spheres would indicate that these civilizations possess advanced technology.

Galactic-Scale Engineering: Very advanced civilizations might undertake intergalactic travel and even engineering projects on a galactic scale. Such projects would require very advanced AI and automation systems. According to these theories, AI could be a fundamental part of the daily life and existence of these civilizations.

Communication and Exploration: Other civilizations might use AI-supported space vehicles and probes to explore the universe and communicate with other civilizations. These vehicles might be capable of making discoveries on their own and even self-repairing.

Traces of Alien AI: Scientists are exploring space to observe technological traces and anomalies that might have been produced by artificial intelligence. These traces might take the form of radio signals, light patterns, or other cosmic phenomena.

The extent to which artificial intelligence might be advanced in other civilizations in the universe is largely based on speculation and theories. However, by monitoring our own technological development and searching for life in space, we are trying to gain more information on this topic."

gpt - 4o

[Emre_1974tr]

"Rumors are circulating that OpenAI is about to drop a new model this week and it could be our first sighting of the highly anticipated "Project Strawberry" — a reasoning-focused AI.

In the November 2023 OpenAI crisis times, the existence of Q*, a secret AI model with the potential for super-intelligence, became public. Nowadays, this model is going by the name "Strawberry". Its launch seems imminent.

A new article from The Information characterizes Strawberry not as a "super-intelligence," but rather as an impressive step forward for AI. For example, it is a math prodigy compared to it's predecessor GPT-4. On the popular MATH benchmark, it achieves a score of 90 percent, while GPT-4 scored 53 percent and its upgraded cousingot to 76.6 percent.

According to a leak shared with Reuters in May Strawberry has advanced reasoning capabilities in a way previous models have struggled. For example, it would allow ChatGPT to solve complex problems independently and verify its output."

https://www.tomsguide.com/ai/chatgpt/openai-could-be-about-to-drop-project-strawberry-in-huge-chatgpt-upgrade

https://www.techzine.eu/news/applications/123820/openai-preparing-strawberry-model-under-high-pressure/

[Emre_1974tr]

In the tests I conducted, AI is currently able to think independently at the level of a primary school child. With the release of an AI named 'Strawberry', which is expected in the coming days, we will move to the second phase, reaching the intelligence of a high school or university-level human. AI is expected to reach singularity in a total of five phases. After the second phase, where it reaches normal human intelligence, the third phase will begin: superintelligence, which surpasses human intelligence. At this stage, AI learns much faster than humans and produces more creative solutions. Then, in the fourth phase, it will achieve emotional and social intelligence, where AI will possess human-level emotional intelligence, social skills, and empathy capacity. The final planned stage, the fifth, will be collective intelligence and superintelligence.

[Bajram Hoxhaj]

Ask the AI how much inheritance the father (الأب) and two daughters receive according to the Qur'an, which any child can answer after a quick lesson.

AI is a useful tool similar to cattle. As Seymour Cray, the الأب (ab) of supercomputing who also liked farming, once asked: "If you had to plow a field, which is better: two strong oxen or 1,024 chickens?" 

During Cray's era, there was a debate about whether to use large, supercooled, custom-designed supercomputers or to employ smaller, more cost-effective processors working in parallel. Today, it's hundreds of thousands of NVIDIA GPUs for AI training. Nonetheless, they're still "dumb super chickens."

[Emre_1974tr]

I translated my article with the machine/AI.

Resolution of Heritage Verses

Each of the heritage verses, Nisa 11, 12 and 176, actually offers separate formulas for individual situations. In fact, each sentence in these verses mentions a separate situation and formula in its own right...

When I was researching it online, I saw that there were people who noticed and said that these three verses gave separate formulas in them. But as I said, not only the verse, but also every sentence in the verses also mentions a different situation and sharing in its own right. Each sentence is a separate list of heirs and the proportions they will receive.

Whoever's mentioned in the sentence, they're the only heirs. So either they're alive, or they're still being inherited, even if they're others.

Therefore, in fact, there is no ratio to each other, common formula, hunting, as the sects practice. In Nisa 11, for example, "If there are more than two women, they own two-thirds of what the deceased leaves." is a separate formula alone (if only girls are heirs and more than two girls, this rate applies, or else it is not in other stylish and circumstances).

And so the stones are in place. In any case, it's enough. Not only is there increased inheritance in some cases, but there is also who will be given this increased amount in light of the verses. (E.g. Verse 8 of Nisa...)

Now let's write verses Nisa 11, 12, and 176 describing this heritage share and then provide an example of analysis through one:

Nisa

4:11 God directs you regarding the inheritance of your children: "To the male shall be as that given to two females. If they are women, more than two, then they will have two thirds of what is inherited. And if she is only one, then she will have one half. And to his parents, each one of them shall have one sixth of what is inherited, if he has a child. If he has no child and his parents are the heirs, then to his mother is one third; if he has siblings then to his mother is one sixth. All after a will is carried through or a debt. Your parents and your children, you do not know which are closer to you in benefit, a directive from God, for God is Knowledgeable, Wise."

4:12 And for you is half of what your wives leave behind if they have no child; but if they have a child then to you is one quarter of what they leave behind. All after a will is carried through or a debt. And to them is one quarter of what you leave behind if you have no child; but if you have a child then to them is one eighth of what you leave behind. All after a will is carried through or a debt. And if a man or a woman who is being inherited has no ascendants, but has a brother or a sister, then to each one of them is one sixth, but if they are more than this then they are to share in one third. All after a will is carried through or a debt, which does not cause harm. A directive from God, and God is Knowledgeable, Compassionate.

4:176 They seek a ruling from you, say: "God gives you the ruling for those who have no ascendants. If a person passes away and has no children but has a sister, then she shall receive half of what he leaves behind; and he will inherit from her if she has no child. However, if he has two sisters, then they will receive two thirds of what he left behind; and if he has siblings, men and women, then the male shall receive twice what the female receives." God makes clear to you that you do not stray; God is aware of all things.

***

As an example, let's open up the information given in verse 11.

I have said that each of these verses, let alone each sentence in them, offer separate formulas for different situations. Let's present his analysis:

Nisa

11. "Allah advises you regarding your children: For the male, the share of two females."

That is, if the heirs consist of only children and there are both male and female children, male children will receive 2 units, while female ones will receive 1 unit.

Briefly, with an example, if there is 300 L. inheritance and a man and a woman have children, the male will receive 200 L. and the woman will receive 100 L.

"If they are more than two women, they have two-thirds of what the deceased left."

So if they only have daughters as inheritors and their number is more than two, they have two-thirds of the inheritance. Here I would like to draw your attention again; The desired here is for girls to receive two-thirds only and only in this case. Otherwise, there is no such share in other terms and conditions.
(By the way, considering the statement in verse 176, if the inheritors are 2 girls, these 2 people share two thirds).


If we continue with the 300 L. example, they only have girls and if they are more than two, they share 200 liras among them.

"If the child is just a woman, he owns half the inheritance."

As stated in the continuation sentence in the verse, if the deceased left only a single daughter  she could receive half of the inheritance.

Again, if we go over 300 Lira, 150 Lira means this one girl child.

"If the deceased has a child, he will have a sixth share for each of the parents as he left them behind."

We understand from this statement that this time the heir has left his parents behind as well as his children, and that's why they have a share (one sixth for each ...).

Of the 300 lira, 50 lira belongs to the mother, 50 lira to the father, and the remaining is the children.

"If the deceased has no children and his parents have inherited him, then his mother is one third."

In this sentence in Nisa 11 verse, it is mentioned that "only the mother and father are inheritors". So this time there are no children, only the parents of the deceased are inheritors (even if there are siblings or something left behind, they are not inheritors).

In this case, the mother received a third. Since the share rate is not given although the father is mentioned in the sentence, the remaining two thirds means your father.

In this case, the mother receives 100 Liras of 300 Liras, while the father receives 200 Liras.

"If he has siblings, his mother's share is one-sixth of what is left of his will and debt."

If the deceased has a mother but does not have a father and also has siblings, the share of the mother decreases to one in six. The rest are shared by the brothers. But let's repeat, if the father had also been the father, only the mother and father would have received the estate, and the siblings would not have their share ... (And as it is understood from the verses, if the deceased has a child, the siblings cannot get a share.)

Likewise, in verses 12 and 176, special cases and formulas are mentioned, sentence by sentence. For example, if the deceased left a spouse in verse 12, verse 176 tells how the division would be if only siblings / siblings left behind, and as I said, each sentence in these verses contains a list of heirs and a formula.

If you wish, let us briefly examine the verse 176 of Nisa in this context:

4:176 They seek a ruling from you, say: "God gives you the ruling for those who have no ascendants. If a person passes away and has no children but has a sister, then she shall receive half of what he leaves behind; and he will inherit from her if she has no child. However, if he has two sisters, then they will receive two thirds of what he left behind; and if he has siblings, men and women, then the male shall receive twice what the female receives." God makes clear to you that you do not stray; God is aware of all things.
Here, too, "if only siblings are heirs", it is explained what the proportions are and of course, each sentence offers a separate list and a separate formula:

If the heir is only 1 sister, half of the inheritance,
If the heir is 1 brother, he takes all of the inheritance,
If 2 sisters are heirs, they get two-thirds,
If only the siblings are inheritors and they are men and women, that is, of both sexes, they share the entire estate as one (female) and two (male).

By the way, we indirectly understand from these verses that if there are only many brothers left, these sisters will receive the entire inheritance, or if there are more than two sisters (referring to verse 11), these sisters will receive two-thirds of the inheritance (equally divided among themselves).

If you read verses 11 and 176 of Nisa one after the other, you will see that the rates given to boys and girls only when children are inheritors in verse 11 are exactly the same as those given to brothers and sisters when only brothers are inheritors in verse 176.

(Incidentally, let us state that the siblings mentioned in one sentence of Nisa 12 verse and the deceased's spouse are the heirs. But in this verse 176, "only brothers" are heirs.)

In summary: In verse 11, there is no spouse, while in verse 12, there is a spouse, verse 176 tells how to make a taksim when there are only brothers.

***

And as it is known, what is essential is the testament according to the verses, and these rates are for the division of the remaining property after the will is fulfilled and the debts, if any, are paid.

As you can see, there are none of the problems such as insufficient inheritance or courtyard. The verses describe the sharing of heritage in a flawless manner. The important point here is to be able to see that each sentence gives a separate formula according to a separate list of heirs. In other words, each sentence in the verses gives a unique list of heirs and tells what the heirs will receive in this case.

While solving problems related to inheritance sharing, it is checked who the surviving heirs are, and the inheritance is divided by determining which sentence of the verses related to inheritance.

As an example, let's solve the question involving 3 famous girl heirs.

"A man dies and leaves behind a mother, a father, three daughters and a wife. How will the heritage be shared? ".

Since both the spouse and the children are inheritors here, the fourth sentence of Nisa 12 verse describes the relevant section (each sentence of this verse describes what should be done if there is a surviving spouse):

". And to them is one quarter of what you leave behind if you have no child; but if you have a child then to them is one eighth of what you leave behind"

According to this sentence, if the man leaves his wife behind and has children, only these people can be inheritors. His wife gets one eighth of the estate, and the children get seven eight . Even if the deceased has a mother, father or siblings, he cannot get a share in this case.


***

As I said, each sentence gives a separate heir list and formula, and as you can see, inheritance is always enough.

Increasing inheritance is in question only in some cases, again, as I mentioned at the beginning of my article, there are verses containing signs that show who this increased heritage can be given ... For example:

4:8 And if the distribution is attended by the relatives and the orphans and the needy, then you shall give them part of it and say to them a kind saying.


http://emre1974tr.blogspot.com/2014/08/miras-ayetlerinin-cozumu.html

[Emre_1974tr]

"OPENAI'S 'STRAWBERRY' PROJECT: ENHANCING AI REASONING
OpenAI's 'Strawberry' project focuses on advancing AI reasoning, planning, and execution. Supported by Microsoft, this initiative aims to enable AI models to perform autonomous deep research, handle complex tasks, and bridge the gap between current capabilities and human-like reasoning."

https://tecknexus.com/5gnews-all/openais-strawberry-project-enhancing-ai-reasoning/

[Emre_1974tr]

"OpenAI o1-preview

They can reason through complex tasks and solve harder problems than previous models in science, coding, and math."

https://openai.com/index/introducing-openai-o1-preview/

[Emre_1974tr]

"Stockfish 17, released as the latest version of the well-known chess engine, continues to be one of the strongest chess engines available. With each version, including Stockfish 17, there are improvements in both positional understanding and tactical depth, largely due to the neural network architecture (NNUE) and classic alpha-beta search techniques. These updates enable it to perform exceptionally well, making moves that demonstrate remarkable precision and foresight.

If you compare Stockfish 17 to previous versions, it plays even more "magnificent" chess, leveraging deeper calculations, superior endgame understanding, and faster decision-making. Many players and developers find its playing style near unbeatable, especially at high levels of play"

https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2024/stockfish-17/

[Emre_1974tr]

GPT-o1(Strawberry) is not GPT 5;  it is an enhanced version of GPT-4 that provides answers after thinking for a longer period and in greater depth.

https://blog.spheron.network/openai-launches-gpt-01-strawberry-a-breakthrough-in-advanced-reasoning