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Critical Thinking

Started by muslims, May 21, 2014, 03:42:04 AM

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muslims

Quote"Indeed, the worst of living creatures in the sight of Allah are the deaf and dumb who do not use reason" (8.22)

Critical thinking is an Islamic obligation
just as Allah ordered us to perform salat, zakat, fasting etc. and . .
without critical thinking, there is no Islam. . .

Can anyone share verses from the Quran that relates and explain the principle of logic and critical thinking?

for example. . .

QuoteArgumentum Ad Hominem

The fallacy consists in an attempt to refute someone by making disparaging remarks about him rather than by responding to his argument. In other words, not the argument but the man (L. homo, "man") behind the argument is attacked. The nobles of the people of Noah rejected him and criticized his followers on the following grounds:

"We see that you are just a human being like us. We see that only those people have followed you who are quite obviously the lowliest among us. And we see the you are in no way superior to us. In fact, we suspect that you are liars." (11:27)

In other words: Noah'a message must be rejected because his followers happen to be such - and - such people (see also 26:11). 21:36 says that the Quraysh start making fun of Muhammad the moment they catch sight of him, and pay no attention to his message. For other examples of this fallacy, see 23:47 (Pharaoh and courtiers/Moses and Aaron), 26:27 (Pharaoh/Moses), 26:153-154 (Thamud/Prophet Salih), 26:185 (Madyanites/Shu`aib), 43:52 (Pharaoh/Moses).

[url=http://muslimatheism.org]Muslim Atheism[/url] is a theological position for the disbelief in god, religion and the unspecific
but the practical philosophy from the Quran are followed

fye

Quote from: muslims on May 21, 2014, 03:42:04 AM
Can anyone share verses from the Quran that relates and explain the principle of logic and critical thinking?

for example. . .
I recall a verse speaking something along the lines of this... "maybe this is what their facilities of understand brings them to?" you seem like a man who ALLAH may have invested with knowledge and you seem to long for intelligent conversation and such my advice is find a surah you like, and may it keep you good intellectual company for a time. or travel through the earth so your hearts and minds may gain knowledge. meet new people and learn new ways of life compare them and your need for such debate can be quenched within your self for a time.

qurah verses look ate the story of prophet Abraham the true in faith, every ayat relating to him tells the story of a man like yourself, alone in a world where people don't reason and think of higher things. read verses related to him.

muslims

Quote from: fye on May 27, 2014, 04:37:03 PMor travel through the earth so your hearts and minds may gain knowledge. meet new people and learn new ways of life compare them and your need for such debate can be quenched within your self for a time.

Thank you. . and yes, I need to travel , hopefully I can get a modified truck camper land rover . .

[url=http://muslimatheism.org]Muslim Atheism[/url] is a theological position for the disbelief in god, religion and the unspecific
but the practical philosophy from the Quran are followed

Jafar

Quote from: muslims on May 21, 2014, 03:42:04 AM
Can anyone share verses from the Quran that relates and explain the principle of logic and critical thinking?

for example. . .

The Quran (and also other books, Tanakh, Gospel, Tao The Ching etc..) itself is a logical discourse..

On the Quran it did mentioned a few logical fallacy that was and is being followed by its intended audience..

?No, we follow what we found our ancestors doing. What if their ancestors never understood anything nor were guided?
(2:170)

Following things just because our ancestor (or other people) did the same thing is indeed a fallacy.

The tale of Abraham and idols is also a brilliant logical discourse.

Abraham: Break others left the biggest idol standing, and claimed it was the biggest idol who broke the other idols..
The people: It's impossible, there's no way that idol can break the other idol.
Abraham: Aha! You're right, that idol cannot do anything, I know that because it was made by my dad!! Can't you see you're being conned here?
The people: Burn him alive! Because he broke our idols!!


muslims

Quote from: Jafar on May 27, 2014, 08:58:34 PM?No, we follow what we found our ancestors doing. What if their ancestors never understood anything nor were guided?
(2:170)

Yes and thank you. . .it is known as argumentum ad antiquitatem, an appeal to tradition, appeal to antiquity, or appeal to common practice. It takes the form of "this is right because we've always done it this way".


[url=http://muslimatheism.org]Muslim Atheism[/url] is a theological position for the disbelief in god, religion and the unspecific
but the practical philosophy from the Quran are followed

muslims


              And do not be like she who unraveled her knitting after it had become strong
              by breaking your oaths as a means of deception between you <- ie. fallacy
              That a nation shall be more numerous than another nation, for God puts you to the test by it
              And He will show you on the Day of Resurrection that which you were disputing in.
              16.92

The fallacy of appeal to popularity or argumentum ad populum, or also known as appeal to the masses, appeal to the majority, appeal to democracy, consensus fallacy, authority of the many, bandwagon fallacy, argumentum ad numerum (?appeal to the number?), and consensus gentium (?agreement of the clans?). . . 



[url=http://muslimatheism.org]Muslim Atheism[/url] is a theological position for the disbelief in god, religion and the unspecific
but the practical philosophy from the Quran are followed

Wakas

All information in my posts is correct to the best of my knowledge only and thus should not be taken as a fact. One should seek knowledge and verify: 17:36, 20:114, 35:28, 49:6, 58:11. [url="http://mypercept.co.uk/articles/"]My articles[/url]

[url="//www.studyquran.org"]www.studyQuran.org[/url]

muslims


The Pharaoh Personality

Corrupting Criteria

Pharaoh had some very dirty tactics to get what he wanted, or keep people from turning against him. One of these tricks was to corrupt the natural criteria for rational thought.

A person?s rational criteria (method of judgment) is the very basis upon which he knows truth from falsehood. And the rational criteria for truth is that the subject at hand must fully conform to reality (i.e. must be proven through the sensed reality via our five senses).

Now, when we look at verses from the Qur?an, we can see the followers of Pharaoh attempt to change the criteria of rational thinking to that of irrational thinking:

           فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ مُوسَى بِآيَاتِنَا بَيِّنَاتٍ قَالُوا مَا هَذَا إِلاّ سِحْرٌ مُفْتَرًى وَمَا سَمِعْنَا بِهَذَا فِي آبَائِنَا الْأَوَّلِينَ

           ?So when Moses (pbuh) came to them with our clear signs,
           they said ?this is nothing but fake magic
           and we did not hear of this from our forefathers? ?
           [Al-Qasas:36].


What do their forefathers sayings have to do with Moses (pbuh) being a Prophet?
What kind of rational thought is this?

According to this logic, this would mean: whatever does not come via their forefathers is not truth. This is despite that reality and truth are not proven through forefathers, or parents, or an imam, or some organization, rather it is proven by the sensed reality and rational proof.



Keeping People From Thinking:

Another tactic, employed by the followers of Pharaoh, is keeping people?s minds from thinking, using the excuse that there is someone else to think on their behalf. God Almighty tells us:

           قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ مَا أُرِيكُمْ إِلَّا مَا أَرَى وَمَا أَهْدِيكُمْ إِلَّا سَبِيلَ الرشاد

           ?Pharaoh said: I do not show you except what I see,
           and I do not guide you except to the path of correct judgment?
           [Ghaafir: 29]


and God Almighty tells us that Pharaoh also said:

           مَا عَلِمْتُ لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرِي?

           I do not know of another Lord for you other than myself? [Al-Qasas 38]


So Pharaoh has no refutation to the words of a Believer, and therefore he is forced to say to the people: ?Do not think or look into this matter, for I will think on your behalf, and I have thought, and now see that Moses (pbuh) is corrupting the earth, and that my path is the path of correct judgment?. And like this, Pharaoh tries to keep people from thinking.

Even though this tactic is very old, but it is still actively used today: Some parents will tell their children not to do certain Islamic actions because they ?have tried it before?, and offer no proof that the work is wrong.

In other cases there are some groups, where their followers are taught to not think and that looking into Islamic evidences is much too hard and complex for their minds, rather they should just follow their imam.

On other levels, Muslims are told that such-and-such groups are ?bad? and have ?corrupt ?ideologies? and should be avoided, without offering any proof for such accusations. Governments teach their people that certain groups are ?terrorist? groups or ?illegal? and so they should not even enquire about them at all.

And so on, the disbelievers and even Muslims use these tactics, knowingly or unknowingly, and cause great harm to the carriers of truth. Therefore, no Muslim should ever allow himself or herself to use such false and misleading tactics.

[url=http://muslimatheism.org]Muslim Atheism[/url] is a theological position for the disbelief in god, religion and the unspecific
but the practical philosophy from the Quran are followed

muslims


The difference between "truth" and "falsehood" (foam, their argument will not remain or consistent and easily passes away, one by one. . .)

. . .

      He sent down water from the sky

              so valleys flowed according to their capacity

                    and the flood produces foam
                    And from what they burn to smelt jewelry or goods is produced a similar foam

              It is in such a manor that God strikes the falsehood with the truth

                    As for the foam, it passes away <- bad arguments
                    and as for what benefits the people
                    it remains in the Earth <- good arguments

      It is such that God puts forth the examples
      13.17

. . .

      And the example of a bad word (falsehood) is like a bad tree
      uprooted from the surface of the earth
      not having any stability <- their arguments are not consistent
      14.26

. . .

      The example of those who take allies other than Allah <- falsehood
      is like that of the spider who takes a home
      And indeed, the weakest of homes is the home of the spider
      if they only knew
      29.41

[url=http://muslimatheism.org]Muslim Atheism[/url] is a theological position for the disbelief in god, religion and the unspecific
but the practical philosophy from the Quran are followed

BobaFett

Not sure if this is what you are looking for.. These are some logical fallacies committed by people in the Koran, I'll leave the Latin to you. :)

2:80. And they say, 'The Fire shall not touch us save a number of days.' Say: 'Have you taken with God a covenant? God will not fail in His covenant; or say you things against God of which you know nothing?


4:97. And those the angels take, while still they are wronging themselves -- the angels will say, 'In what circumstances were you?' They will say, 'We were abased in the earth.' The angels will say, 'But was not God's earth wide, so that you might have emigrated in it

11:9-10. And if We let a man taste mercy from Us, and then We wrest it from him, he is desperate, ungrateful. But if We let him taste prosperity after hardship that has visited him, he will say, 'The evils have gone from me'; behold, he is joyous, boastful -- save such as are patient, and do deeds of righteousness; for them awaits forgiveness and a mighty wage.?