Salaam,
Prophet Saleh has been referred to 9 times in the Quran.
7:73, 7:75, 7:77, 11:61, 11:62, 11:66, 11:89, 26:142, 27:45.
He belonged to a people/ community known as the Thamud, and they have been mentioned 27 times in the Quran. There are 26 references to them as the Thamud, and only once are they referred to as "ashaab ul hijri" in surah 15 ayat 80.
7:73, 9:70, 11:61, 11:68, 11:95, 14:9, 15:80, 17:59, 22:42, 25:38, 26:141, 27:45, 29:38, 38:13, 40:31, 41:13, 41:17, 50:12, 51:43, 53:51, 54:23, 69:4, 69:5, 85:18, 89:9, 91:11.
To the Thamud people (We sent) Salih, one of their own brethren: He said: "O my people! worship Allah: ye have no other god but Him. Now hath come unto you a clear (Sign) from your Lord! This she-camel of Allah is a Sign unto you: So leave her to graze in Allah's earth, and let her come to no harm, or ye shall be seized with a grievous punishment.
7:73 |وإلى - And to| ثمود - Thamud| أخاهم - (We sent) their brother| صالحا - Salih.| قال - He said,| يا - O| قوم - "O my people!| اعبدوا - Worship| الله - Allah,| ما - not| لكم - for you| من - any| إله - god| غيره - other than Him.| قد - Verily| جاءتكم - has come to you| بينة - a clear proof| من - from| ربكم - your Lord,| هذه - This| ناقة - (is) a she-camel| الله - (of) Allah| لكم - (it is) for you| آية - a Sign.| فذروها - So you leave her| تأكل - (to) eat| في - on| أرض - (the) earth| الله - (of) Allah,| ولا - and (do) not| تمسوها - touch her| بسوء - with harm,| فيأخذكم - lest seizes you| عذاب - a punishment| أليم - painful."|
The above ayat mentions that a female camel grazing on their land is a clear proof of Allah's creation and a sign from Allah. This appears to be an unusual occurrence and they are warned not to harm her. The reason for this event being uncommon is due to the fact that camels were not domesticated during this period and the sight of a camel grazing on their land was rare. The specie of camel referred to in this ayat is the dromedary.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel
The domestication of the dromedary occurred approximately 3000 BC, even though it existed in the region prior to this.
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jals/26/4/26_205/_pdf/-char/en
https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=RSSkDNzKQacC&pg=PA476&lpg=PA476&dq=were+there+wild+camels+in+the+levant+7000+bc&source=bl&ots=e7ZiO77ob9&sig=C-VIwJ6hsjjXxh1Uel4csRlaM2c&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=were%20there%20wild%20camels%20in%20the%20levant%207000%20bc&f=false
The Thamud succeeded the Aad, and their architecture is described as pavilions/ palaces/ houses/ chambers of stone created from soft/ smooth earth. They also carved out buildings from the mountains skilfully.
"And remember how He made you inheritors after the 'Ad people and gave you habitations in the land: ye build for yourselves palaces and castles in (open) plains, and carve out homes in the mountains; so bring to remembrance the benefits (ye have received) from Allah, and refrain from evil and mischief on the earth."
7:74 |واذكروا - And remember| إذ - when| جعلكم - He made you| خلفاء - successors| من - from| بعد - after| عاد - Aad,| وبوأكم - and settled you| في - in| الأرض - the earth.| تتخذون - You take| من - from| سهولها - its plains| قصورا - palaces| وتنحتون - and you carve out| الجبال - the mountains| بيوتا - (as) homes.| فاذكروا - So remember| آلاء - (the) Bounties| الله - (of) Allah| ولا - and (do) not| تعثوا - act wickedly| في - in| الأرض - (the) earth| مفسدين - spreading corruption.|
1 َس ُھ َل, said of a place, (S,) or of a thing, and, accord. to IKtt, they said also َسَھَل and سِھَل, (Msb,) and, سُھلَْت, said of land, (أَ ْر ٌض,) aor. َس ُھ َل, (K,) inf. n. ُس ُھولَ ٌة (S, Msb, K, KL,) It was, or became, smooth or soft, plain or level, or smooth and soft; (S,Msb, K, KL, TA;) i.e. contr. of َحُزَن and حُزَنْت, (S,*K,*TA,) inf. n. حُزوَنٌة. (TA.)
Siin-ha-Lam = to be smooth, even, plain level (earth), easy (affair).
َق ْص ٌر [A palace: a pavilion, or kind of building wholly or for the most part isolated, sometimes on the top of a larger building, i. e., a belvedere, and sometimes projecting from a larger building, and generally consisting of one room if forming a part of a larger building or connected with another building; the same as the Turkish كوشك: to such buildings we find the appellation to have been applied from very early times to the present day:] a well‐known kind of edifice: (M:) a mansion, or house; syn. َم ْن ِز ٌل : (Lh, M, K:) or any house or chamber (َب ْيت ) of stone; (M, K;) of the dial. of Kureysh: (M:) so called because a man's wives and the like are confined in it: (M:) pl. قُ ُصو ٌر. (S, M, Msb.) َق ْص ُر ا ْل َ م ِل ِك [The palace, or pavilion, of the king]. (Msb.)
Nun-Ha-Ta = to scrape, carve, prepare by scraping, cut, shape, emicate.
This type of architecture is referred to as rock cut architecture.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock-cut_architecture
Petra in Jordan is the best example of such architecture.
"And ye carve houses out of (rocky) mountains with great skill.
26:149 |وتنحتون - And you carve| من - of| الجبال - the mountains,| بيوتا - houses| فارهين - skillfully.|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petra
The towering mountains surrounding Petra make it a secure location.
Out of the mountains did they hew (their) edifices, (feeling themselves) secure.
15:82 |وكانوا - And they used (to)| ينحتون - carve| من - from| الجبال - the mountains,| بيوتا - houses,| آمنين - secure.|
These people had plantations of some sort and sources of water which were used for irrigation to cultivate wheat and date palms.
"Gardens and Springs,
26:147 |في - In| جنات - gardens| وعيون - and springs,|
"And corn-fields and date-palms with spathes near breaking (with the weight of fruit)?
26:148 |وزروع - And cornfields| ونخل - and date-palms| طلعها - its spadix| هضيم - soft?|
َز ْر ٌع , originally an inf. n., [see 1,] (Mgh, Msb , TA,) used as a subst. properly so termed, signitying Seed‐produce; what is raised by means of sowing; (Mgh, Msb;) what is sown; (K, TA;) while in growth, [i. e. standing corn, and the like,] (K and TA voce أَ ْز َر َع,) and also after it has been reaped; (S and Msb and K in art. رفع, & c.
its predominant application is to wheat and barley;
ن خ ل N-Kh-L
?نَ َخلَہ? (nakhalah): cleaned it, liked it or selected it {T}
?نَ َخ َل ال َّدقِ ْي َق? (nakhalad daqeeq): sifted the flour through a sieve {T}
?اَ ْل ُم ْن َخ ُل ? (al-munkhal) and ?اَ ْل ُم ْن ُخ ُل? (al-munkhul): sieve.
?اَلن َّ ْخ ُل ? (an-nakhal) or ?اَلن َّ ِخ ْي ُل ? (an-nakheel) with singular form ?نَ ْخلَۃٌ? (nakhlah) mean ?date palms? or "coconut palms" etc. (55:68, 19:25, 2:266).
Ibn Faris says it basically means to select and like.
The date palms are called ?اَلن َّ ْخ ُل? (an-nakhl) because they are among trees with the tallest trunks.
Domestication of the date palm occurred approximately 5000-6000 BC.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_palm
The origin of date palm cultivation, according to some sources, is along the banks of the river Jordan since it grows wild in the rocky crevices and hillsides of that region.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02863157
http://www.sunmaid.com/book/US_Edition_Ch2_bookmarks.pdf
It has been shown that crop irrigation and collection of water in this region has been in usage since the neolithic period.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Water-withdrawal-trends-in-the-Lower-Jordan-River-basin-in-Jordan-from-1950-to-2025_fig4_228372981
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/assessment/files/pdf/publications/ConferencePapers/Water%20Resources%20Development%20in%20the%20Jordan%20River%20Basin.pdf
http://www.helsinki.fi/hum/arla/Levant-internetcourse/Levant-internetcourse/Lessons/WaterCisterns.html
Even though these people were eventually destroyed, their buildings still remain visible.
(Remember also) the 'Ad and the Thamud (people): clearly will appear to you from (the traces) of their buildings (their fate): the Evil One made their deeds alluring to them, and kept them back from the Path, though they were gifted with intelligence and skill.
29:38 |وعادا - And Aad| وثمود - and Thamud,| وقد - and verily,| تبين - (has) become clear| لكم - to you| من - from| مساكنهم - their dwellings.| وزين - And made fair-seeming| لهم - to them| الشيطان - the Shaitaan| أعمالهم - their deeds| فصدهم - and averted them| عن - from| السبيل - the Way,| وكانوا - though they were| مستبصرين - endowed with insight.|
Their geographic location is described as mountainous and they lived in a valley.
And with the Thamud (people), who cut out (huge) rocks in the valley?-
89:9 |وثمود - And Thamud,| الذين - who| جابوا - carved out| الصخر - the rocks| بالواد - in the valley,|
The descriptions given of the Thamud and their civilisation match the descriptions of Petra greatly. The vast majority of Petra is undiscovered, undated and still underground.
http://jordantimes.com/news/local/new-petra-discovery-sheds-light-city?s-untapped-treasures
Regards,
Janet
Prophet Saleh has been referred to 9 times in the Quran.
7:73, 7:75, 7:77, 11:61, 11:62, 11:66, 11:89, 26:142, 27:45.
He belonged to a people/ community known as the Thamud, and they have been mentioned 27 times in the Quran. There are 26 references to them as the Thamud, and only once are they referred to as "ashaab ul hijri" in surah 15 ayat 80.
7:73, 9:70, 11:61, 11:68, 11:95, 14:9, 15:80, 17:59, 22:42, 25:38, 26:141, 27:45, 29:38, 38:13, 40:31, 41:13, 41:17, 50:12, 51:43, 53:51, 54:23, 69:4, 69:5, 85:18, 89:9, 91:11.
To the Thamud people (We sent) Salih, one of their own brethren: He said: "O my people! worship Allah: ye have no other god but Him. Now hath come unto you a clear (Sign) from your Lord! This she-camel of Allah is a Sign unto you: So leave her to graze in Allah's earth, and let her come to no harm, or ye shall be seized with a grievous punishment.
7:73 |وإلى - And to| ثمود - Thamud| أخاهم - (We sent) their brother| صالحا - Salih.| قال - He said,| يا - O| قوم - "O my people!| اعبدوا - Worship| الله - Allah,| ما - not| لكم - for you| من - any| إله - god| غيره - other than Him.| قد - Verily| جاءتكم - has come to you| بينة - a clear proof| من - from| ربكم - your Lord,| هذه - This| ناقة - (is) a she-camel| الله - (of) Allah| لكم - (it is) for you| آية - a Sign.| فذروها - So you leave her| تأكل - (to) eat| في - on| أرض - (the) earth| الله - (of) Allah,| ولا - and (do) not| تمسوها - touch her| بسوء - with harm,| فيأخذكم - lest seizes you| عذاب - a punishment| أليم - painful."|
The above ayat mentions that a female camel grazing on their land is a clear proof of Allah's creation and a sign from Allah. This appears to be an unusual occurrence and they are warned not to harm her. The reason for this event being uncommon is due to the fact that camels were not domesticated during this period and the sight of a camel grazing on their land was rare. The specie of camel referred to in this ayat is the dromedary.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel
The domestication of the dromedary occurred approximately 3000 BC, even though it existed in the region prior to this.
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jals/26/4/26_205/_pdf/-char/en
https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=RSSkDNzKQacC&pg=PA476&lpg=PA476&dq=were+there+wild+camels+in+the+levant+7000+bc&source=bl&ots=e7ZiO77ob9&sig=C-VIwJ6hsjjXxh1Uel4csRlaM2c&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=were%20there%20wild%20camels%20in%20the%20levant%207000%20bc&f=false
The Thamud succeeded the Aad, and their architecture is described as pavilions/ palaces/ houses/ chambers of stone created from soft/ smooth earth. They also carved out buildings from the mountains skilfully.
"And remember how He made you inheritors after the 'Ad people and gave you habitations in the land: ye build for yourselves palaces and castles in (open) plains, and carve out homes in the mountains; so bring to remembrance the benefits (ye have received) from Allah, and refrain from evil and mischief on the earth."
7:74 |واذكروا - And remember| إذ - when| جعلكم - He made you| خلفاء - successors| من - from| بعد - after| عاد - Aad,| وبوأكم - and settled you| في - in| الأرض - the earth.| تتخذون - You take| من - from| سهولها - its plains| قصورا - palaces| وتنحتون - and you carve out| الجبال - the mountains| بيوتا - (as) homes.| فاذكروا - So remember| آلاء - (the) Bounties| الله - (of) Allah| ولا - and (do) not| تعثوا - act wickedly| في - in| الأرض - (the) earth| مفسدين - spreading corruption.|
1 َس ُھ َل, said of a place, (S,) or of a thing, and, accord. to IKtt, they said also َسَھَل and سِھَل, (Msb,) and, سُھلَْت, said of land, (أَ ْر ٌض,) aor. َس ُھ َل, (K,) inf. n. ُس ُھولَ ٌة (S, Msb, K, KL,) It was, or became, smooth or soft, plain or level, or smooth and soft; (S,Msb, K, KL, TA;) i.e. contr. of َحُزَن and حُزَنْت, (S,*K,*TA,) inf. n. حُزوَنٌة. (TA.)
Siin-ha-Lam = to be smooth, even, plain level (earth), easy (affair).
َق ْص ٌر [A palace: a pavilion, or kind of building wholly or for the most part isolated, sometimes on the top of a larger building, i. e., a belvedere, and sometimes projecting from a larger building, and generally consisting of one room if forming a part of a larger building or connected with another building; the same as the Turkish كوشك: to such buildings we find the appellation to have been applied from very early times to the present day:] a well‐known kind of edifice: (M:) a mansion, or house; syn. َم ْن ِز ٌل : (Lh, M, K:) or any house or chamber (َب ْيت ) of stone; (M, K;) of the dial. of Kureysh: (M:) so called because a man's wives and the like are confined in it: (M:) pl. قُ ُصو ٌر. (S, M, Msb.) َق ْص ُر ا ْل َ م ِل ِك [The palace, or pavilion, of the king]. (Msb.)
Nun-Ha-Ta = to scrape, carve, prepare by scraping, cut, shape, emicate.
This type of architecture is referred to as rock cut architecture.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock-cut_architecture
Petra in Jordan is the best example of such architecture.
"And ye carve houses out of (rocky) mountains with great skill.
26:149 |وتنحتون - And you carve| من - of| الجبال - the mountains,| بيوتا - houses| فارهين - skillfully.|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petra
The towering mountains surrounding Petra make it a secure location.
Out of the mountains did they hew (their) edifices, (feeling themselves) secure.
15:82 |وكانوا - And they used (to)| ينحتون - carve| من - from| الجبال - the mountains,| بيوتا - houses,| آمنين - secure.|
These people had plantations of some sort and sources of water which were used for irrigation to cultivate wheat and date palms.
"Gardens and Springs,
26:147 |في - In| جنات - gardens| وعيون - and springs,|
"And corn-fields and date-palms with spathes near breaking (with the weight of fruit)?
26:148 |وزروع - And cornfields| ونخل - and date-palms| طلعها - its spadix| هضيم - soft?|
َز ْر ٌع , originally an inf. n., [see 1,] (Mgh, Msb , TA,) used as a subst. properly so termed, signitying Seed‐produce; what is raised by means of sowing; (Mgh, Msb;) what is sown; (K, TA;) while in growth, [i. e. standing corn, and the like,] (K and TA voce أَ ْز َر َع,) and also after it has been reaped; (S and Msb and K in art. رفع, & c.
its predominant application is to wheat and barley;ن خ ل N-Kh-L
?نَ َخلَہ? (nakhalah): cleaned it, liked it or selected it {T}
?نَ َخ َل ال َّدقِ ْي َق? (nakhalad daqeeq): sifted the flour through a sieve {T}
?اَ ْل ُم ْن َخ ُل ? (al-munkhal) and ?اَ ْل ُم ْن ُخ ُل? (al-munkhul): sieve.
?اَلن َّ ْخ ُل ? (an-nakhal) or ?اَلن َّ ِخ ْي ُل ? (an-nakheel) with singular form ?نَ ْخلَۃٌ? (nakhlah) mean ?date palms? or "coconut palms" etc. (55:68, 19:25, 2:266).
Ibn Faris says it basically means to select and like.
The date palms are called ?اَلن َّ ْخ ُل? (an-nakhl) because they are among trees with the tallest trunks.
Domestication of the date palm occurred approximately 5000-6000 BC.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_palm
The origin of date palm cultivation, according to some sources, is along the banks of the river Jordan since it grows wild in the rocky crevices and hillsides of that region.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02863157
http://www.sunmaid.com/book/US_Edition_Ch2_bookmarks.pdf
It has been shown that crop irrigation and collection of water in this region has been in usage since the neolithic period.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Water-withdrawal-trends-in-the-Lower-Jordan-River-basin-in-Jordan-from-1950-to-2025_fig4_228372981
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/assessment/files/pdf/publications/ConferencePapers/Water%20Resources%20Development%20in%20the%20Jordan%20River%20Basin.pdf
http://www.helsinki.fi/hum/arla/Levant-internetcourse/Levant-internetcourse/Lessons/WaterCisterns.html
Even though these people were eventually destroyed, their buildings still remain visible.
(Remember also) the 'Ad and the Thamud (people): clearly will appear to you from (the traces) of their buildings (their fate): the Evil One made their deeds alluring to them, and kept them back from the Path, though they were gifted with intelligence and skill.
29:38 |وعادا - And Aad| وثمود - and Thamud,| وقد - and verily,| تبين - (has) become clear| لكم - to you| من - from| مساكنهم - their dwellings.| وزين - And made fair-seeming| لهم - to them| الشيطان - the Shaitaan| أعمالهم - their deeds| فصدهم - and averted them| عن - from| السبيل - the Way,| وكانوا - though they were| مستبصرين - endowed with insight.|
Their geographic location is described as mountainous and they lived in a valley.
And with the Thamud (people), who cut out (huge) rocks in the valley?-
89:9 |وثمود - And Thamud,| الذين - who| جابوا - carved out| الصخر - the rocks| بالواد - in the valley,|
The descriptions given of the Thamud and their civilisation match the descriptions of Petra greatly. The vast majority of Petra is undiscovered, undated and still underground.
http://jordantimes.com/news/local/new-petra-discovery-sheds-light-city?s-untapped-treasures
Regards,
Janet